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endothelial cells  (Miltenyi Biotec)


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  • 96

    Structured Review

    Miltenyi Biotec endothelial cells
    (A) Immunostaining for ERG (green), a nuclear marker for ECs/EdCs. Atrial sections were outlined by dashed lines. Scale bar represents 200 µm. (B) Quantification of the percentage of EC/EdC nuclei over total nuclei in LA and RA on P7 (n = 7) mice. LA and RA samples from the same mouse were connected with dashed line. (C) Quantification of EC/EdC density in LA and RA on P7 (n = 7). LA and RA samples from the same mouse were connected with dashed line. (D) Schematic of the EdU incorporation assay shown on the left. Quantification of the percentage of EdU+ LA (middle, n = 7) and RA CMs (right, n = 6) after treatment with normal or heat denatured (_b) conditioned medium collected from atrial fibroblasts (aFb) and atrial <t>endothelial</t> cells (aECs). (E) Schematic of the EdU pulse-chase assay shown on the left. Quantification of the percentage of EdU+ LA (middle, n = 6) and RA CMs (right, n = 6) after treatment with normal or heat denatured (_b) conditioned medium collected from aFbs and aECs. Values represent mean ± s.e.m. B, C (* P < 0 . 0332, * ** P < 0 . 0002 by Two-tailed paired Student’s T test); D, E ( * ** P < 0 . 0002 , **** P < 0 . 0001 by One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey test).
    Endothelial Cells, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 663 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/cd31+endothelial+cells/CD31+MicroBeads%2C+mouse/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__05__26__727795-155-1-11
    Average 96 stars, based on 663 article reviews
    endothelial cells - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Endothelin-1 signaling regulates chamber-specific mouse atrial cardiomyocyte cytokinesis and polyploidy"

    Article Title: Endothelin-1 signaling regulates chamber-specific mouse atrial cardiomyocyte cytokinesis and polyploidy

    Journal: bioRxiv

    doi: 10.64898/2026.05.26.727795

    (A) Immunostaining for ERG (green), a nuclear marker for ECs/EdCs. Atrial sections were outlined by dashed lines. Scale bar represents 200 µm. (B) Quantification of the percentage of EC/EdC nuclei over total nuclei in LA and RA on P7 (n = 7) mice. LA and RA samples from the same mouse were connected with dashed line. (C) Quantification of EC/EdC density in LA and RA on P7 (n = 7). LA and RA samples from the same mouse were connected with dashed line. (D) Schematic of the EdU incorporation assay shown on the left. Quantification of the percentage of EdU+ LA (middle, n = 7) and RA CMs (right, n = 6) after treatment with normal or heat denatured (_b) conditioned medium collected from atrial fibroblasts (aFb) and atrial endothelial cells (aECs). (E) Schematic of the EdU pulse-chase assay shown on the left. Quantification of the percentage of EdU+ LA (middle, n = 6) and RA CMs (right, n = 6) after treatment with normal or heat denatured (_b) conditioned medium collected from aFbs and aECs. Values represent mean ± s.e.m. B, C (* P < 0 . 0332, * ** P < 0 . 0002 by Two-tailed paired Student’s T test); D, E ( * ** P < 0 . 0002 , **** P < 0 . 0001 by One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey test).
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Immunostaining for ERG (green), a nuclear marker for ECs/EdCs. Atrial sections were outlined by dashed lines. Scale bar represents 200 µm. (B) Quantification of the percentage of EC/EdC nuclei over total nuclei in LA and RA on P7 (n = 7) mice. LA and RA samples from the same mouse were connected with dashed line. (C) Quantification of EC/EdC density in LA and RA on P7 (n = 7). LA and RA samples from the same mouse were connected with dashed line. (D) Schematic of the EdU incorporation assay shown on the left. Quantification of the percentage of EdU+ LA (middle, n = 7) and RA CMs (right, n = 6) after treatment with normal or heat denatured (_b) conditioned medium collected from atrial fibroblasts (aFb) and atrial endothelial cells (aECs). (E) Schematic of the EdU pulse-chase assay shown on the left. Quantification of the percentage of EdU+ LA (middle, n = 6) and RA CMs (right, n = 6) after treatment with normal or heat denatured (_b) conditioned medium collected from aFbs and aECs. Values represent mean ± s.e.m. B, C (* P < 0 . 0332, * ** P < 0 . 0002 by Two-tailed paired Student’s T test); D, E ( * ** P < 0 . 0002 , **** P < 0 . 0001 by One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey test).

    Techniques Used: Immunostaining, Marker, Pulse Chase, Two Tailed Test

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    Suspension:

    Article Title: CD47 is required for mesenchymal progenitor proliferation and fracture repair
    Article Snippet: .. The cell suspension was sorted for CD31 + endothelial cells using anti-CD31 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-097-418; San Diego, CA) and a magnetic cell isolation system (Miltenyi Biotec, QuadroMACS Separator & LS Columns). ..

    Article Title: CD47 is Required for Mesenchymal Progenitor Proliferation and Fracture Repair
    Article Snippet: The cell suspension was ltered through a 70 μm strainer, pelleted, and washed once with endothelial cell media (Lifeline Cell Technology, VascuLife VEGF Endothelial Complete, Frederick, MD). .. The cell suspension was sorted for CD31+ endothelial cells using anti-CD31 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-097-418; San Diego, CA) and a magnetic cell isolation system (Miltenyi Biotec, QuadroMACS Separator & LS Columns). ..

    Article Title: CD47 is required for mesenchymal progenitor proliferation and fracture repair.
    Article Snippet: .. The cell suspension was sorted for CD31+ endothelial cells using antiCD31 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-097-418; San Diego, CA) and a magnetic cell isolation system (Miltenyi Biotec, QuadroMACS Separator & LS Columns). ..

    Article Title: CD47 is Required for Mesenchymal Progenitor Proliferation and Fracture Repair
    Article Snippet: The cell suspension was filtered through a 70 μm strainer, pelleted, and washed once with endothelial cell media (Lifeline Cell Technology, VascuLife VEGF Endothelial Complete, Frederick, MD). .. The cell suspension was sorted for CD31+ endothelial cells using anti-CD31 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-097-418; San Diego, CA) and a magnetic cell isolation system (Miltenyi Biotec, QuadroMACS Separator & LS Columns). ..

    Cell Isolation:

    Article Title: CD47 is required for mesenchymal progenitor proliferation and fracture repair
    Article Snippet: .. The cell suspension was sorted for CD31 + endothelial cells using anti-CD31 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-097-418; San Diego, CA) and a magnetic cell isolation system (Miltenyi Biotec, QuadroMACS Separator & LS Columns). ..

    Article Title: CD47 is Required for Mesenchymal Progenitor Proliferation and Fracture Repair
    Article Snippet: The cell suspension was ltered through a 70 μm strainer, pelleted, and washed once with endothelial cell media (Lifeline Cell Technology, VascuLife VEGF Endothelial Complete, Frederick, MD). .. The cell suspension was sorted for CD31+ endothelial cells using anti-CD31 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-097-418; San Diego, CA) and a magnetic cell isolation system (Miltenyi Biotec, QuadroMACS Separator & LS Columns). ..

    Article Title: CD47 is required for mesenchymal progenitor proliferation and fracture repair.
    Article Snippet: .. The cell suspension was sorted for CD31+ endothelial cells using antiCD31 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-097-418; San Diego, CA) and a magnetic cell isolation system (Miltenyi Biotec, QuadroMACS Separator & LS Columns). ..

    Article Title: CD47 is Required for Mesenchymal Progenitor Proliferation and Fracture Repair
    Article Snippet: The cell suspension was filtered through a 70 μm strainer, pelleted, and washed once with endothelial cell media (Lifeline Cell Technology, VascuLife VEGF Endothelial Complete, Frederick, MD). .. The cell suspension was sorted for CD31+ endothelial cells using anti-CD31 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-097-418; San Diego, CA) and a magnetic cell isolation system (Miltenyi Biotec, QuadroMACS Separator & LS Columns). ..

    Selection:

    Article Title: Inhibition of mitochondrial integrated stress response ameliorates ibuprofen-induced endothelial dysfunction in neonatal hyperoxia-induced lung injury.
    Article Snippet: Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with promising activity against patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants, but its adverse effect on angiogenesis has hampered the clinical benefit and contributed to development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-angiogenic effect have remained incompletely understood.. Here we show that ibuprofen compromised mitochondrial function in human endothelial cells, and when used in combination with oxygen therapy—the life-saving respiratory support that preterm infants rely on, ibuprofen and hyperoxia cooperated to activate a heightened mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISR) which resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent endothelial defect.

    Single Cell:

    Article Title: DPP4 inhibition curbs systemic inflammation
    Article Snippet: After development of a stable myogenic tone at 80mmHg, constriction response to 10nM ( R )-(−)-phenylephrine hydrochloride (Phe, Tocris) was assessed using digital video edge detection. .. Dissociation of lung tissue into single-cell suspensions for subsequent cell separations was performed using MACS Technology (Miltenyi Biotec) using gentleMACS octo dissociator with heating units (Miltenyi Biotec, #130-096-427) and lung dissociation kit (Miltenyi biotec, #130-095-927), following depletion of CD45 + cells (Miltenyi biotec, CD45 MicroBeads, #130-052-301) and enrichment of CD31 + endothelial cells (Miltenyi biotec, CD31 MicroBeads, #130-097-418) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. Purity and viability of isolated pulmonary endothelial cells were verified by flow cytometry analysis (BD FACSCanto II).

    Magnetic Cell Separation:

    Article Title: DPP4 inhibition curbs systemic inflammation
    Article Snippet: After development of a stable myogenic tone at 80mmHg, constriction response to 10nM ( R )-(−)-phenylephrine hydrochloride (Phe, Tocris) was assessed using digital video edge detection. .. Dissociation of lung tissue into single-cell suspensions for subsequent cell separations was performed using MACS Technology (Miltenyi Biotec) using gentleMACS octo dissociator with heating units (Miltenyi Biotec, #130-096-427) and lung dissociation kit (Miltenyi biotec, #130-095-927), following depletion of CD45 + cells (Miltenyi biotec, CD45 MicroBeads, #130-052-301) and enrichment of CD31 + endothelial cells (Miltenyi biotec, CD31 MicroBeads, #130-097-418) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. Purity and viability of isolated pulmonary endothelial cells were verified by flow cytometry analysis (BD FACSCanto II).



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    Image Search Results


    (A) Immunostaining for ERG (green), a nuclear marker for ECs/EdCs. Atrial sections were outlined by dashed lines. Scale bar represents 200 µm. (B) Quantification of the percentage of EC/EdC nuclei over total nuclei in LA and RA on P7 (n = 7) mice. LA and RA samples from the same mouse were connected with dashed line. (C) Quantification of EC/EdC density in LA and RA on P7 (n = 7). LA and RA samples from the same mouse were connected with dashed line. (D) Schematic of the EdU incorporation assay shown on the left. Quantification of the percentage of EdU+ LA (middle, n = 7) and RA CMs (right, n = 6) after treatment with normal or heat denatured (_b) conditioned medium collected from atrial fibroblasts (aFb) and atrial endothelial cells (aECs). (E) Schematic of the EdU pulse-chase assay shown on the left. Quantification of the percentage of EdU+ LA (middle, n = 6) and RA CMs (right, n = 6) after treatment with normal or heat denatured (_b) conditioned medium collected from aFbs and aECs. Values represent mean ± s.e.m. B, C (* P < 0 . 0332, * ** P < 0 . 0002 by Two-tailed paired Student’s T test); D, E ( * ** P < 0 . 0002 , **** P < 0 . 0001 by One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey test).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Endothelin-1 signaling regulates chamber-specific mouse atrial cardiomyocyte cytokinesis and polyploidy

    doi: 10.64898/2026.05.26.727795

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Immunostaining for ERG (green), a nuclear marker for ECs/EdCs. Atrial sections were outlined by dashed lines. Scale bar represents 200 µm. (B) Quantification of the percentage of EC/EdC nuclei over total nuclei in LA and RA on P7 (n = 7) mice. LA and RA samples from the same mouse were connected with dashed line. (C) Quantification of EC/EdC density in LA and RA on P7 (n = 7). LA and RA samples from the same mouse were connected with dashed line. (D) Schematic of the EdU incorporation assay shown on the left. Quantification of the percentage of EdU+ LA (middle, n = 7) and RA CMs (right, n = 6) after treatment with normal or heat denatured (_b) conditioned medium collected from atrial fibroblasts (aFb) and atrial endothelial cells (aECs). (E) Schematic of the EdU pulse-chase assay shown on the left. Quantification of the percentage of EdU+ LA (middle, n = 6) and RA CMs (right, n = 6) after treatment with normal or heat denatured (_b) conditioned medium collected from aFbs and aECs. Values represent mean ± s.e.m. B, C (* P < 0 . 0332, * ** P < 0 . 0002 by Two-tailed paired Student’s T test); D, E ( * ** P < 0 . 0002 , **** P < 0 . 0001 by One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey test).

    Article Snippet: Afterwards, endothelial cells were purified by positive selection using CD31 microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-097-418) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

    Techniques: Immunostaining, Marker, Pulse Chase, Two Tailed Test

    Dynamic changes in angiogenesis induced by OTM. ( A ) Representative CD31 immunofluorescence staining images. CD31 staining without DAPI ( left ) and merged images with DAPI ( right ) are shown. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of CD31 + area in PDL. ( C ) Representative CD31/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) double immunofluorescence staining images. CD31/VEGF staining without DAPI ( left ) and merged images with DAPI ( right ) are shown. ( D ) Quantitative analysis of VEGF + area in PDL. Scale bars: 100 µm (low magnification), 10 µm (high magnification). Data are mean ± SD (n = 4). ns: not significant, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; Welch’s ANOVA with Games–Howell post hoc test. PDL: periodontal ligament, AB: alveolar bone.

    Journal: Biology

    Article Title: Force-Dependent Presence of Senescent Cells Expressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

    doi: 10.3390/biology15020187

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Dynamic changes in angiogenesis induced by OTM. ( A ) Representative CD31 immunofluorescence staining images. CD31 staining without DAPI ( left ) and merged images with DAPI ( right ) are shown. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of CD31 + area in PDL. ( C ) Representative CD31/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) double immunofluorescence staining images. CD31/VEGF staining without DAPI ( left ) and merged images with DAPI ( right ) are shown. ( D ) Quantitative analysis of VEGF + area in PDL. Scale bars: 100 µm (low magnification), 10 µm (high magnification). Data are mean ± SD (n = 4). ns: not significant, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; Welch’s ANOVA with Games–Howell post hoc test. PDL: periodontal ligament, AB: alveolar bone.

    Article Snippet: CD31 , Endothelial cell marker , Bioss Antibodies (Shanghai, China) , bs-0195R , BF647 , 1:100.

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Double Immunofluorescence Staining

    Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of senescent cells during OTM. ( A ) Representative p16 and VEGF double immunofluorescence staining images. p16/VEGF staining without DAPI ( left ) and merged images with DAPI ( right ) are shown. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + VEGF + area in PDL. ( C ) Schematic illustration of the quantitative analysis for p16 + and VEGF + . ( D ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + VEGF + /VEGF + area in PDL. ( E ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + VEGF + /p16 + area in PDL. Scale bars: 100 µm (low magnification), 10 µm (high magnification). Data are mean ± SD (n = 4). ns; not significant, ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test for ( B , D ), and Welch’s ANOVA with Games–Howell post hoc test for ( E ). VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, PDL: periodontal ligament, AB: alveolar bone.

    Journal: Biology

    Article Title: Force-Dependent Presence of Senescent Cells Expressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

    doi: 10.3390/biology15020187

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of senescent cells during OTM. ( A ) Representative p16 and VEGF double immunofluorescence staining images. p16/VEGF staining without DAPI ( left ) and merged images with DAPI ( right ) are shown. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + VEGF + area in PDL. ( C ) Schematic illustration of the quantitative analysis for p16 + and VEGF + . ( D ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + VEGF + /VEGF + area in PDL. ( E ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + VEGF + /p16 + area in PDL. Scale bars: 100 µm (low magnification), 10 µm (high magnification). Data are mean ± SD (n = 4). ns; not significant, ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test for ( B , D ), and Welch’s ANOVA with Games–Howell post hoc test for ( E ). VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, PDL: periodontal ligament, AB: alveolar bone.

    Article Snippet: CD31 , Endothelial cell marker , Bioss Antibodies (Shanghai, China) , bs-0195R , BF647 , 1:100.

    Techniques: Expressing, Double Immunofluorescence Staining, Staining

    Cellular senescence of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) induced by OTM. ( A ) Representative p21 and CD31 immunofluorescence staining images. p21/CD31 staining without DAPI ( left ) and merged images with DAPI ( right ) are shown. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of p21 + CD31 + area in PDL. ( C ) Representative p16 and CD31 immunofluorescence staining images. p16/CD31 staining without DAPI ( left ) and merged images with DAPI ( right ) are shown. ( D ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + CD31 + area in PDL. Scale bars: 100 µm (low magnification), 10 µm (high magnification). Data are mean ± SD (n = 4). ns: not significant, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test. PDL: periodontal ligament, AB: alveolar bone.

    Journal: Biology

    Article Title: Force-Dependent Presence of Senescent Cells Expressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

    doi: 10.3390/biology15020187

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Cellular senescence of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) induced by OTM. ( A ) Representative p21 and CD31 immunofluorescence staining images. p21/CD31 staining without DAPI ( left ) and merged images with DAPI ( right ) are shown. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of p21 + CD31 + area in PDL. ( C ) Representative p16 and CD31 immunofluorescence staining images. p16/CD31 staining without DAPI ( left ) and merged images with DAPI ( right ) are shown. ( D ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + CD31 + area in PDL. Scale bars: 100 µm (low magnification), 10 µm (high magnification). Data are mean ± SD (n = 4). ns: not significant, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test. PDL: periodontal ligament, AB: alveolar bone.

    Article Snippet: CD31 , Endothelial cell marker , Bioss Antibodies (Shanghai, China) , bs-0195R , BF647 , 1:100.

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining

    Overlapping analysis of senescent and endothelial markers during OTM. ( A ) Schematic illustration of the overlapping analysis for p21 and CD31 in PDL. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of p21 + CD31 + area/p21 + area. ( C ) Quantitative analysis of p21 + CD31 + area/CD31 + area. ( D ) Schematic illustration of the overlapping analysis for p16 and CD31 in PDL. ( E ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + CD31 + area/p16 + area. ( F ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + CD31 + area/CD31 + area. Data are mean ± SD (n = 4). ns: not significant, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; Welch’s ANOVA with Games–Howell post hoc test for ( B ), one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test for ( C , F ), and Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test for ( E ).

    Journal: Biology

    Article Title: Force-Dependent Presence of Senescent Cells Expressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

    doi: 10.3390/biology15020187

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Overlapping analysis of senescent and endothelial markers during OTM. ( A ) Schematic illustration of the overlapping analysis for p21 and CD31 in PDL. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of p21 + CD31 + area/p21 + area. ( C ) Quantitative analysis of p21 + CD31 + area/CD31 + area. ( D ) Schematic illustration of the overlapping analysis for p16 and CD31 in PDL. ( E ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + CD31 + area/p16 + area. ( F ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + CD31 + area/CD31 + area. Data are mean ± SD (n = 4). ns: not significant, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; Welch’s ANOVA with Games–Howell post hoc test for ( B ), one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test for ( C , F ), and Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test for ( E ).

    Article Snippet: CD31 , Endothelial cell marker , Bioss Antibodies (Shanghai, China) , bs-0195R , BF647 , 1:100.

    Techniques:

    VEGF-expressing senescent ECs. ( A ) Representative p16, CD31, and VEGF triple immunofluorescence staining images. p16/CD31/VEGF staining without DAPI ( left ) and merged images with DAPI ( right ) are shown. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + CD31 + VEGF + area in PDL. ( C ) Schematic illustration of the quantitative analysis for p16, CD31, and VEGF in PDL. ( D ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + CD31 + VEGF + area/p16 + CD31 + area. ( E ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + CD31 + VEGF + area/p16 + VEGF + area. Scale bars: 100 µm (low magnification), 10 µm (high magnification). Data are mean ± SD (n = 4). ns: not significant, ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001; Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test for ( B ), and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test for ( D , E ). VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, PDL: periodontal ligament, AB: alveolar bone.

    Journal: Biology

    Article Title: Force-Dependent Presence of Senescent Cells Expressing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

    doi: 10.3390/biology15020187

    Figure Lengend Snippet: VEGF-expressing senescent ECs. ( A ) Representative p16, CD31, and VEGF triple immunofluorescence staining images. p16/CD31/VEGF staining without DAPI ( left ) and merged images with DAPI ( right ) are shown. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + CD31 + VEGF + area in PDL. ( C ) Schematic illustration of the quantitative analysis for p16, CD31, and VEGF in PDL. ( D ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + CD31 + VEGF + area/p16 + CD31 + area. ( E ) Quantitative analysis of p16 + CD31 + VEGF + area/p16 + VEGF + area. Scale bars: 100 µm (low magnification), 10 µm (high magnification). Data are mean ± SD (n = 4). ns: not significant, ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001; Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test for ( B ), and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test for ( D , E ). VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, PDL: periodontal ligament, AB: alveolar bone.

    Article Snippet: CD31 , Endothelial cell marker , Bioss Antibodies (Shanghai, China) , bs-0195R , BF647 , 1:100.

    Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining